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冠词(一)
2.0 概述 冠词是一种虚词,通常附加在名词前,起限定作用。冠词有两个:定冠词 the和不定冠词 a(n)。
2.1不定冠词的用法 1)用在辅音前,an 用在元音前,例如: a table (一张桌子) a book(一本书 an umbrella (一把雨伞) an apple(一个苹果) 2)与单数可数名词连用,表示同类物体中的“任何一个” 或“其中之一”。例如: Please pass me a pen.(请递给我一只笔。) You need a good dictionary for your English study. (你需要一本好字典学习英语。) 3)与单数可数名词连用,表示整个一类物体。例如: A truck is an important tool for transportation. (卡车是重要的运输工具。) A tractor is a powerful vehicle used in agriculture. (拖拉机是一种大功率的农用工具。) 4)与单数可数名词连用,表示单位数量相当于 one,例如: He works eight hours a day. (他一天工作八小时。) How much is this meat a pound?(这种肉一磅多少钱?) 5)与数量词连用,例如: I bought a dozen eggs yesterday.(昨天我买一打鸡蛋。) The big hall can hold a thousand people. (这个大厅可容纳一千人。) 6) 与表示职业,身份等用作表语的名词连用,例如: He wanted to become an engineer. (他想成为一名工程师。) His brother works as a professor in Beijing University. (他哥哥在北京大学当教授。) 7)用于固定词组,例如: Its a pity that he failed in the experiment.(他实验失败真遗憾。) I want to keep it a secret. (我想保守这个秘密。) As a rule, we go out for a walk after supper. (我们通常晚饭后出去散步。) You make mistakes if you do things in a hurry. (匆忙做事会出差错。)
2.2 定冠词的用法 1) 与单数可数名词连用,表示类别。例如: The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals. (虎与猫同属于哺乳科动物。) The train goes faster than the bus.(火车比汽车走得快。) 2)表示特指的人或物,或表示听话人和说话人双方都知道的人或物。 I have passed the English test at last.(我终于通过了这项英语测试。) He went to the lab. (他到实验室去了。) 3) 与表示世界上独一无二的名词连用,例如: The moon moves around the earth once every 28 days. (月球每28天围绕地球转一周。) The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。) 4)与序数词连用,例如: When did the First World War break out? (第一次世界大战是何时爆发的?) He took the first seat in the second row.(他在第二排第一个座位就座。) 5) 用于形容词和副词的最高级,有时用在副词最高级前的定冠词可以 省略。例如: This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. (这是我读过的最有趣的书.) Shanghai is the largest city in China. (上海是中国最大的城市.) He ran the fastest in the race. (比赛中他跑得最快。) 6) 用在某些形容词或过去分词前,表示某一类人。例如: the rich and the poor (富人和穷人) the old and the young (老人和年轻人) the aged, the weak, the sick and the disabled(老弱病残者) 7) 用于江河、湖海、群岛、山脉、沙漠等地理专有名词前,例如: the Nile (尼罗河) the Mississipi (密西西比河) the Thames(泰晤士河) the Pacific (太平洋) the Philippines (菲律宾群岛) the Alps (阿尔卑斯山脉) the Sahara (撒哈拉大沙漠) 8)用在乐器名称前,例如: the piano(钢琴) the violin(小提琴) the saxophone(萨克斯管) 9)用在家族姓氏前,表示一家人,该姓氏名要用复数形式。例如: the Smiths (史密斯夫妇或史密斯一家人) The Browns get along very well with their neighbors. (布朗一家与邻居相处得很好。)
2.3 冠词的省略 1) 在表示泛指的复数名词前,一般不加冠词。例如: All metals are good conductors.(所有的金属都是好的导体。) There are people waiting outside. (有人在外面等候。) 2)在表示餐食、交通工具、通讯工具的名词前不加冠词。例如: We usually have breakfast at seven (我们通常七点吃早饭。) I will travel by train, not by air this time. (这次我将乘火车而不是乘飞机旅行。) We sent the message by post. (我们通过邮局传递信息。) 3)在表示季节,月份的名词前不加冠词。例如: Autumn is the season for harvest.(秋季是收获的季节。) We have English classes on Monday and Friday. (我们星期一和星期五上英语课。) 4)在用作表语或同位语并且表示头衔或职位的名称前常省略冠词。例 如: He is head of our department. (他是我系主任。) This is Professor Wang, chairman of the Teachers Association. (这位是王教授,教师协会主席。) 5)在表示一般概念的物质名词或抽象名词前不用冠词。例如: Electricity is a form of energy.(电是一种能源。) They are struggling for freedom and liberation. (他们为自由和解放而奋斗。) 6)在一些固定词组中不用冠词。例如: at daybreak(拂晓) after school(放学后) by chance (碰巧) in fact(事实上) go to school(上学) play football (踢足球)
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